Recognized by more than 140 nations and adopted without a vote, the resolution emphasizes the importance of addressing the unlawful trade in cultural items to preserve the identity and traditions of communities worldwide. This enables them to freely practice and protect their priceless heritage.
The resolution also acknowledges the devastating impact of illicit trafficking on cultural heritage, especially in conflict-affected regions where artifacts are looted and smuggled to fund organized crime and terrorism.
Enhancing Law Enforcement
The resolution calls on Member States to implement effective national and international measures to prevent and combat illicit trafficking in cultural property. It also urges for specialized training for police, customs, and border services and to make trafficking in cultural property a serious crime.
It further urges all countries to establish specialized police units dedicated to protecting cultural heritage to investigate trafficking cases.
Role of Museums and Auction Houses
Recognizing the importance of engagement with museums, auction houses, art dealers, and collectors, the resolution emphasizes the need for proactive measures to verify the origin of cultural property. This includes rigorous vetting processes, comprehensive documentation practices, and collaboration with international organizations and law enforcement to prevent trafficking.
The resolution also underscores the ongoing efforts of UNESCO and other organizations to engage with the art market on ethical and legal considerations, as well as raising awareness on provenance investigations and return procedures.
UN Photo/Loey Felipe
A wide view of the General Assembly during its 48th plenary meeting of the 79th session.
Continued Efforts
UNESCO leads global efforts in combating illicit trade and trafficking of cultural heritage by enhancing legal frameworks, enforcement capabilities, and awareness among stakeholders. The development of resources aims to strengthen the implementation of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property.
The UNESCO Database of National Cultural Heritage Laws and web alerts notify Member States and INTERPOL about stolen cultural property, promoting cooperation.
Virtual Museum
In an innovative move, UNESCO is creating a Virtual Museum of Stolen Cultural Objects, scheduled to launch in 2025. This project will feature 3D models and high-quality images of stolen artifacts, along with educational narratives. The museum’s goal is to return artifacts to their rightful owners, “emptying its collections” as recoveries are made.
