A significant coronal hole has developed in the sun’s atmosphere, releasing a strong solar wind towards Earth. Additionally, a second, slightly smaller coronal hole is also sending solar wind in our direction.
This weekend, there is a high likelihood of intense northern lights, particularly at high latitudes. Recent solar activity has prompted the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center to issue a minor G1 geomagnetic storm warning for Jan. 4 and Jan. 5.
While geomagnetic storm alerts of this level are not unusual, they should not be disregarded. A recent increase in geomagnetic activity led to awe-inspiring northern lights displays reaching as far as mid-latitudes over the New Year. Aurora enthusiasts at high latitudes might witness another remarkable display. Ensure your camera batteries are fully charged!
For the most current information on geomagnetic activity over the next 3 days, refer to NOAA’s SWPC 3-day forecast. NOAA rates geomagnetic storms on a G-scale, ranging from G1 (minor) to G5 (extreme). The recent geomagnetic storm warning issued by NOAA is classified as a G1.
Coronal holes are visible as dark regions in the sun’s corona — the outer atmosphere — when observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray imagery, according to NOAA. These ‘holes’ appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding material. Coronal holes facilitate the escape of solar wind from the sun, leading to streams of relatively fast solar wind. When directed towards Earth, these solar wind streams can interact with our planet’s magnetic field and induce geomagnetic storm conditions.
Despite the predicted G1 conditions this weekend, it is important to remember that space weather, much like Earth’s weather, is unpredictable and challenging to forecast. While geomagnetic storm warnings at this level are common, they may sometimes not materialize.
To stay informed about space weather and learn the optimal times and locations to view auroras, consider utilizing a space weather app customized to your location. One recommended app is “My Aurora Forecast & Alerts,” available on both iOS and Android. Another valuable tool is the “Space Weather Live” app on iOS and Android, offering comprehensive insights into current space weather conditions and their potential impact on auroral activity.
